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Paginate Without OFFSET Level: Intermediate

Page through a table with keyset pagination: filter on the last row you showed and add a tie-breaker. After this, a later page costs the same as the first and rows do not repeat or vanish between pages.

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Turn Rows Into Columns With FILTER Level: Intermediate

Turn one row per status into one column per status with aggregate FILTER and compare it with CASE. After this, you can build a small pivot table without an extension.

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Running Total With a Window Function Level: Intermediate

Add a running total with SUM and OVER, restart it for each group and avoid the default-frame surprise when dates tie. After this, a cumulative column is one line and not a self-join.

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Verify a CTE Rewrite Without Losing Duplicate Rows Level: Intermediate

Compare a query and its CTE rewrite in both directions with EXCEPT ALL, including duplicate and NULL rows that a plain set comparison can miss.

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Store Timestamps With Time Zone Correctly Level: Intermediate

Choose timestamptz for a moment in time and see what the session time zone and AT TIME ZONE change. After this, the same moment shows correctly for every reader.

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Top 3 Rows per Group Level: Intermediate

Rank rows inside each group and keep the first three, then decide what to do with ties and compare the LATERAL version. After this, you can pick the top rows per category and know what happens when two are equal.

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Upsert With INSERT … ON CONFLICT Level: Intermediate

Insert a row or update the one that is already there in a single statement, using the conflict target, DO NOTHING, DO UPDATE and the EXCLUDED row. After this, a repeated import updates rows instead of failing or duplicating them.

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Connect a Container to Two Networks Level: Intermediate

Put a proxy on a front and a back network and prove which containers can reach which. After this, you can connect one container to several networks and keep the rest isolated.

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Find What Is Using Disk With docker system df Level: Intermediate

Read the docker system df summary, find the big image or volume with the verbose form, and decide what is safe to remove. After this, you can find where the space went without running a broad prune.

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Fix "permission denied" on a Bind Mount Level: Intermediate

Reproduce the error with a non-root container, read the owner numbers and fix it by changing the folder's owner or the container's user. After this, you can tell which side to change and stop reaching for chmod 777.

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Named Volume vs Bind Mount for a Database Level: Intermediate

Run PostgreSQL 18 on a named volume and on a bind mount and compare what each leaves on your disk. After this, you can pick the right mount for a database and mount the right folder.

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Override ENTRYPOINT for a One-Off Job Level: Intermediate

Run a different program from the same image with --entrypoint, in docker run and in Compose. After this, you can start a shell or a one-time job without rebuilding the image.